Mapping Ancient Africa: Climate, vegetation & humans

April 14, 2026
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The Mapping Ancient Africa (MAA) special issue in Quaternary International (QI) is now complete. Many thanks to all who contributed to the issue, and special thanks to my co-guest editors Stefanie Kaboth-Bahr and Rahab Kinyanjui, and QI editor Evdokia Tema, for their efforts in putting this together.

To wrap up the MAA special issue the guest editors have written an editorial covering the work of this multi-year project. In this we draw out key themes that have emerged from the work (vegetation dynamics, fire, and human behavior), review the project activities (including workshop photos), and highlight other publications by MAA members (lots of other exciting work going on). You can read all about it in:

The MAA multi-year project supported by INQUA is now in its final stages. We have delivered our final workshop (South Africa), our special issue, and created a body of online resources via this blog and the YouTube channel (>50 MAA videos!) that will hopefully inform and inspire researchers interested in past environmental change in Africa. Most importantly I hope that we have build a network of people (>140 members on our email list at the time of writing) who are passionate and engaged with understanding how climate, vegetation and humans have helped shape the African continent. I hope that these connections will keep building over the coming years and new projects, papers and insights will emerge.

The Ecology of the Past blog will continue, however, it will – of course – miss the regular input from the MAA project. Therefore, if anyone has suitable academic content that they wish to communicate through the blog please do not hesitate to get in contact.

A final thanks to INQUA Palaeoclimate commission (PALCOM) and Humans and Biosphere commission (HABCOM) for their support for MAA since its inception in 2021. Without this funding none of the work would have been possible.

For full list of MAA articles click here.

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Holocene vegetation dynamics of the Koobi Fora Basin, East Turkana, Kenya: Insights from phytolith analysis

January 18, 2026
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Mapping Ancient Africa Quaternary International Special Issue #10

Kinyanjui, R. N., Mashaka, H. K., Chritz, K. L., Wemanya, S. N., Ndiema, E. K., Braun, D. R., & Bamford, M. (2026). Holocene vegetation dynamics of the Koobi Fora Basin, East Turkana, Kenya: Insights from phytolith analysis. Quaternary International, 759, 110131. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.quaint.2026.110131

To find the complete list of articles in the Mapping Ancient Africa special issue of Quaternary International click here.

Herbivory and vegetation openness in a pre-farming European landscape

November 19, 2025
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Plant Ecology & Diversity

Gosling, W. D., de Wolf, I. K., Witteveen, N. H., de Zwaan, S. B., Van Teulingen, C., Föllmi, D., Thissen, W., Vink, V. B., Woutersen, A., Philip, A. L., van Herk, M. J., Nascimento, M. N., Prins, M. A., & McMichael, C. N. H. (2025). Herbivory and vegetation openness in a pre-farming European landscape. Plant Ecology & Diversity, 1–22. https://doi.org/10.1080/17550874.2025.2576566

This manuscript has been developed over many years through the contributions of many MSc and BSc students based at the University of Amsterdam.

Reinterpretation of palaeoecological records from Tswaing crater (South Africa) reveals the crucial role of fire in shaping savanna

November 19, 2025
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Mapping Ancient Africa Quaternary International Special Issue #9

Dabengwa, A. N., Scott, L., & Bamford, M. (2025). Reinterpretation of palaeoecological records from Tswaing crater (South Africa) reveals the crucial role of fire in shaping savanna. Quaternary International, 750, 110010. DOI: 10.1016/j.quaint.2025.110010

To find the complete list of articles in the Mapping Ancient Africa special issue of Quaternary International click here.

Evidence for millennial-scale interactions between Hg cycling and hydroclimate from Lake Bosumtwi, Ghana

June 12, 2025
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Open access:

Paine AR, Frieling J, Shanahan TM, Mather TA, McKay N, Robinson SA, Pyle DM, Fendley IM, Kiely R, Gosling WD. 2025. Evidence for millennial-scale interactions between Hg cycling and hydroclimate from Lake Bosumtwi, Ghana. Climate of the Past 21(4): 817–839. DOI: 10.5194/cp-21-817-2025

Charcoal insights on the vegetation, climate and subsistence patterns at Wonderwerk Cave

June 10, 2025
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Mapping Ancient Africa Quaternary International special issue article #6

Hlophe B. & Bamford M.K. (2025) Charcoal insights on the vegetation, climate and subsistence patterns at Wonderwerk Cave. Quaternary International 728,109755. DOI: 10.1016/j.quaint.2025.109755

To find the complete list of articles in the Mapping Ancient Africa special issue of Quaternary International click here.

Heat, hydroclimate and herbivory

January 6, 2025
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Mapping Ancient Africa Quaternary International special issue article #5

Kiely, R.E., Paine, A.R., McMichael, C.H. & Gosling, W.D. (2025) Heat, hydroclimate and herbivory: A late-Pleistocene record of environmental change from tropical western Africa. Quaternary International 717, 109636. DOI: 10.1016/j.quaint.2024.109636

To find the complete list of articles in the Mapping Ancient Africa special issue of Quaternary International click here.

Climate frameworks for the Middle Stone Age and Later Stone Age in Northwest Africa

December 15, 2024
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Mapping Ancient Africa Quaternary International special issue article #4

#openaccess

Boisard, S., Wren, C.D., Timbrell, L. & Burke, A. (2025) Climate frameworks for the Middle Stone Age and Later Stone Age in Northwest Africa. Quaternary International 716, 109593. DOI: 10.1016/j.quaint.2024.109593

To find the complete list of articles in the Mapping Ancient Africa special issue of Quaternary International click here.

Mapping Early Holocene to contemporary surface processes and human landscapes west of the lower White Nile (central Sudan)

December 3, 2024
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MAPPING ANCIENT AFRICA QUATERNARY INTERNATIONAL SPECIAL ISSUE ARTICLE #3

Costanzo, S., Zerboni, A., Cremaschi, M. & Usai, D. (2025) Mapping Early Holocene to contemporary surface processes and human landscapes west of the lower White Nile (central Sudan). Quaternary International 715, 109592. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.quaint.2024.109592

To find the complete list of articles in the Mapping Ancient Africa special issue of Quaternary International click here.

Witteveen PhD thesis

November 8, 2024
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Witteveen, N.H. (2024) Long-term forest recovery in Amazonia: Insights from phytolith analysis. PhD Thesis, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam. ISBN: 9789493260290

Abstract

The aim of this thesis was to provide insight into past human activities in Amazonia, and the long-term forest recovery that followed, using phytolith analysis. The first part of this thesis focused on improving phytolith analysis as a proxy for vegetation changes in Amazonia. The morphological variation of 24 Amazonian palm phytoliths were assessed (Chapter 2) to improve the taxonomic resolution of palm phytolith identification, and results indicate the potential to differentiate Euterpe, Bactris, Oenocarpus, Attalea, Iriartea deltoidea, and Socratea exorrhizaChapter 3 demonstrated that phytolith assemblages (from terrestrial soil cores) varied across a gradient of (modern) human disturbance in Surinamese rainforests. In Chapters 4-6, we developed beta regression and GLM models to predict forest cover and biomass changes within 200 m and 1 km of Amazonian lakes, respectively, using grass phytoliths. Applying these innovations in Chapters 5-6 demonstrated that past human activities were on localized scales in Suriname and temporally heterogenous in Ecuador. Palm enrichment of Attalea, Oenocarpus and Astrocaryum occurred within 0 km, 1 km, and 8 km of an archaeological site in Suriname (Chapter 5). In Ecuador, forest cover and biomass ranged between 48-84% and 77-247 Mg/ha, respectively, and the largest decreases (between 1000-1255 CE) were paired with fires (Chapter 6). Overall, the type, intensity, timing, and frequency of disturbances are important factors influencing long-term forest recovery and ecological legacies in Amazonia.

Handel: https://hdl.handle.net/11245.1/7e7ef2f7-7341-4978-9d89-d23fe46f24ae

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